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GST Formula

The GST formula explained with variable definitions and a worked example — how to calculate GST amount, CGST/SGST split, and the total inclusive price.

Written by · Reviewed by the thecalcu.com team · Last updated July 19, 2026

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The GST (Goods and Services Tax) formula calculates the tax amount added to a base price under India's GST system, along with the total tax-inclusive price. It's the standard formula behind every GST-registered invoice, whether for goods, services, or a mix of both.

Formula

GST Amount = Amount × Rate / 100

Total Amount = Amount + GST Amount

Variable Meaning
Amount Base price before GST
Rate Applicable GST slab (%), e.g. 5, 12, 18, or 28
GST Amount Tax charged on the base price
Total Amount Final price including GST

For intra-state sales, GST splits equally: CGST = SGST = GST Amount ÷ 2

Worked Example

A ₹10,000 service billed at the 18% GST slab:

  • GST Amount = 10,000 × 18 / 100 = ₹1,800
  • Total Amount = 10,000 + 1,800 = ₹11,800
  • CGST = SGST = 1,800 ÷ 2 = ₹900 each

So a customer sees ₹10,000 as the base charge, ₹900 CGST and ₹900 SGST as separate tax line items on the invoice, adding up to a final payable amount of ₹11,800.

Key Things to Know

  • The CGST/SGST split only applies to sales within the same state. For an interstate sale, the full ₹1,800 in this example would instead be charged as a single IGST line, not split between two authorities.
  • Different products carry different GST slabs, so the same ₹10,000 base amount could produce a very different GST Amount depending on whether it's an essential good (5%), a standard good or service (12–18%), or a luxury item (28%).
  • This formula calculates GST on the price exclusive of tax. If you're starting from a GST-inclusive price instead and need to find the base amount, you need the reverse calculation: Base = Total ÷ (1 + Rate/100), not this forward formula.
  • Rounding on individual line items can cause small mismatches on invoices with multiple products, since GST is typically calculated and rounded per line item rather than on the invoice total, the GST Calculator rounds to the nearest paisa on each output, matching standard invoicing practice.

Frequently Asked Questions

What does each variable in the GST formula mean?

Amount is the base price of the good or service before tax, and Rate is the applicable GST slab as a percentage, commonly 5%, 12%, 18%, or 28% in India. GST Amount is the tax charged on top of that base price.

What's the difference between CGST and SGST?

For sales within the same state, the total GST amount is split equally into CGST (Central GST, collected by the central government) and SGST (State GST, collected by the state government), each is exactly half the total GST amount. For interstate sales, the full amount is instead charged as IGST to a single authority rather than split.

How do I find the base amount if I only know the GST-inclusive price?

Reverse the formula: Base Amount = Total Amount ÷ (1 + Rate/100). This 'removes' GST from a tax-inclusive price to recover the original amount before tax, which is the opposite direction from the forward formula shown here.

Does the GST rate depend on the type of product or service?

Yes, India uses a slab system where different categories of goods and services are taxed at different rates. Essential items are typically taxed at 5%, most standard goods and services at 12% or 18%, and luxury or sin goods at 28%, so the correct rate depends entirely on what's being sold.

Where can I calculate GST for my own amount?

Use the [GST Calculator](/in/gst-calculator/) to enter your base amount and select the applicable slab rather than computing the formula by hand, it applies the exact same maths shown here and also shows the CGST/SGST split.

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GST

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