Land Area Converter
MeasurementConvert land area between acres, hectares, bigha, guntha, sq ft, and more. Covers Indian units like marla, cent, and ground alongside metric and imperial.
From
To
All conversionsfor 1 Bigha — North India (UP/Raj)
| Square Metre (m²) | 2529.29 |
| Square Kilometre (km²) | 0.00252929 |
| Hectare (ha) | 0.252929 |
| Square Foot (sq ft) | 27225.051 |
| Square Yard (sq yd) | 3025.0057 |
| Square Mile | 0.00097656433 |
| Acre | 0.62500117 |
| Bigha — North India (UP/Raj) | 1 |
| Biswa (UP) | 19.999921 |
| Guntha (Maharashtra) | 25.000049 |
| Marla (Punjab) | 100 |
| Kanal (Punjab) | 5.0000099 |
| Cent (South India) | 62.500062 |
| Ground (Tamil Nadu) | 11.343786 |
What is a Land Area?
A land area converter translates measurements of land from one unit to another — instantly and without manual arithmetic. Whether you need to convert bigha to acres, square feet to hectares, or marla to square metres, this tool handles all common metric, imperial, and Indian traditional units in one place.
Land measurement in India is uniquely complex. Unlike most countries where a single metric or imperial system dominates, India uses dozens of regional units — bigha in Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan, marla and kanal in Punjab, guntha in Maharashtra, cent in Tamil Nadu, and ground in Chennai — each rooted in historical land revenue systems. Official documents may use hectares or acres, while local brokers quote in bigha or guntha. Buyers, sellers, and investors routinely need to translate between all of these.
This converter covers the full range: metric units (square metre, hectare, square kilometre), international imperial units (square foot, square yard, acre, square mile), and seven major Indian traditional units (bigha, biswa, guntha, marla, kanal, cent, and ground). See the Area Converter for generic area units used in construction and engineering contexts.
How to use this Land Area calculator
- Select the FROM unit — open the left dropdown and choose your source unit (e.g. Bigha — North India (UP/Raj)).
- Enter the value — type the land area into the input field. You can enter decimals (e.g. 2.5 bigha).
- Select the TO unit — open the right dropdown and choose your target unit (e.g. Square Foot).
- Read the result — the converted value appears instantly below the input panel.
- Swap direction — tap the ⇅ button between the two panels to reverse the conversion (e.g. switch from bigha→sq ft to sq ft→bigha).
- Use the reference table — scroll down to see your value converted into all 14 units at once. This is especially useful when you need to communicate the same area in multiple formats to different parties.
- Copy or share — use your browser's share or copy function on the URL; the current values are encoded in the URL so the exact conversion is preserved when shared.
Formula & Methodology
All conversions use square metre (m²) as the base unit. The formula is: Result = Input × (F_from ÷ F_to) Where F_from and F_to are the toBase multipliers (value of 1 unit in square metres) for the source and target units respectively. Key toBase multipliers: | Unit | Square Metres | |---|---| | Square Metre | 1 (base) | | Hectare | 10,000 | | Square Kilometre | 1,000,000 | | Square Foot | 0.09290304 (exact) | | Square Yard | 0.83612736 (exact) | | Acre | 4,046.8564224 | | Square Mile | 25,89,988.1103 | | Bigha (UP/Raj pakka) | 2,529.29 | | Biswa (UP) | 126.465 | | Guntha (Maharashtra) | 101.1714 | | Marla (Punjab) | 25.2929 | | Kanal (Punjab) | 505.857 | | Cent (South India) | 40.4686 | | Ground (Tamil Nadu) | 222.967 | Worked example — 3 bigha to acres (UP/Rajasthan): F_from (bigha) = 2,529.29 m² F_to (acre) = 4,046.8564224 m² Result = 3 × (2,529.29 ÷ 4,046.8564224) = 3 × 0.6250 = 1.875 acres Important note on bigha: The bigha value used here is the UP/Rajasthan pakka bigha (2,529.29 m² = 27,225 sq ft). Other regional bigha values differ significantly — the West Bengal bigha is 1,337.8 m² and the Assam bigha is 14,400 sq ft. Always confirm which bigha definition applies before using the converted figure in a legal or financial document. Common reference values: | Conversion | Value | |---|---| | 1 acre | 43,560 sq ft | | 1 acre | 4,046.86 m² | | 1 bigha (UP) | 27,225 sq ft | | 1 bigha (UP) | 0.625 acres | | 1 hectare | 2.471 acres | | 1 guntha | 1,089 sq ft | | 1 kanal | 5,445 sq ft = 8 kanal/acre | | 1 marla | 272.25 sq ft | | 1 cent | 435.6 sq ft | | 1 ground | 2,400 sq ft |
Frequently Asked Questions
What is a land area converter?
A land area converter is a tool that instantly translates a measurement of land from one unit to another — for example, bigha to acres, or square feet to hectares. It eliminates the need to memorise conversion factors or do multi-step manual arithmetic. This is especially useful in India, where land is measured in dozens of regional units that vary by state.
What land measurement units are used across India?
India has no single national standard for land measurement — units vary significantly by region. North Indian states like Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Madhya Pradesh use bigha, biswa, and bigha-biswa. Punjab and Haryana use marla and kanal. Maharashtra uses guntha. South Indian states like Tamil Nadu use ground and cent, while Andhra Pradesh and Telangana use ankanam. Alongside these, metric units (square metre, hectare) and imperial units (acre, square foot) are used in official documentation and real estate listings.
What is the difference between bigha and acre?
An acre is a fixed international unit equal to 4,046.86 square metres or 43,560 square feet. A bigha, by contrast, is a traditional Indian unit that has no fixed national value — it varies by state. The UP/Rajasthan pakka bigha equals 2,529.29 square metres, making it roughly 0.625 acres. In West Bengal, a bigha equals approximately 1,337.8 square metres (0.33 acres), which is significantly smaller.
How many square feet are in one acre?
One acre equals exactly 43,560 square feet. This is defined as 660 feet (one furlong) × 66 feet (one chain). In the Indian real estate context, you will often see plots described in square feet for urban properties and acres for agricultural land — converting between them is one of the most common tasks this converter handles.
How do I convert bigha to square feet?
To convert bigha (UP/Rajasthan pakka bigha) to square feet, multiply by 27,225. So 2 bigha = 54,450 sq ft, and 5 bigha = 1,36,125 sq ft. If you are dealing with a West Bengal bigha, multiply by 14,400 instead, since the Bengali bigha is smaller. The Land Area Converter uses the UP/Rajasthan pakka bigha value by default and clearly labels it.
What is a kanal in square feet?
One kanal equals 5,445 square feet or 505.86 square metres. It is primarily used in Punjab (India and Pakistan) and is subdivided into 20 marlas. Eight kanals make one acre. When browsing property listings in Punjab or Haryana, kanal and marla are the dominant units, so this converter is especially handy for buyers and NRIs comparing prices across regions.
What is the difference between cent and guntha?
Both cent and guntha are sub-acre land units used in different parts of India. A cent equals exactly 1/100th of an acre (40.47 square metres) and is standard in Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and parts of Andhra Pradesh. A guntha equals 1/40th of an acre (101.17 square metres) and is common in Maharashtra and Karnataka. One guntha is therefore equal to 2.5 cents.
What is a ground in square metres?
One ground equals 2,400 square feet or approximately 222.97 square metres. It is a traditional land unit used almost exclusively in Tamil Nadu, particularly in Chennai and surrounding districts. Property listings in Chennai frequently quote prices per ground, so converting to square metres or acres is often needed when comparing with other markets.
Why do Indian land measurement units vary by state?
India's regional land units evolved independently over centuries under different princely states, colonial administrations, and agrarian systems. Each region standardised its own units based on local custom and historical land revenue practices. The British partially standardised measurement through the Survey of India, but traditional units persisted in everyday transactions. Today, most states have official metric equivalents defined in law, but local usage continues alongside them.
How do I use the Land Area Converter?
Select your source unit from the FROM dropdown, enter your land area value, and select your target unit from the TO dropdown — the converted result appears instantly. You can tap the ⇅ swap button to reverse the conversion direction. The reference table below the converter shows your input converted into all available units simultaneously, which is useful when you need to compare across multiple systems at once.
What is a hectare and how does it relate to Indian land measurement?
A hectare equals 10,000 square metres or 2.471 acres. It is the standard metric unit for large agricultural land and is used in government land records, RERA filings, and revenue documents across India. One hectare equals approximately 3.95 bigha (UP pakka bigha) or 98.84 cents. Hectares are increasingly used in official documentation even in states that traditionally relied on bigha or guntha.
Which land unit is most commonly used in Indian real estate listings?
It depends on the city and property type. Square feet dominate urban apartment and plot listings in metros like Mumbai, Delhi, and Bengaluru. Acres are standard for agricultural land and large development plots. Bigha is common in North India and Tier-2 city listings, while ground is specific to Chennai. Guntha is seen in Maharashtra and gated community layouts. This variation is precisely why a multi-unit land area converter is essential for comparing properties across regions.